The best treatment for actinic keratosis (Solar Keratoses / Actinic keratoses / AKs) 【Causes / Range / Symptoms / Types / Prevention / treatment】 | Solamargine vs Actinic Keratosis

The best treatment for actinic keratosis ( Solar Keratoses / Actinic keratoses / AKs) 【Causes / Range / Symptoms / Types / Prevention / treatment】 

【Causes】

   What is actinic keratosis (AKs)?

【Range / Symptoms / Types】

 What are the clinical features of actinic keratosis (AKs)?

【Prevention/treatment】 

 1.Prevention

 2.Ttreatment

 3.Physical treatments

 4.Medication : Field treatments  Crems, Diclofenac sodium gel, 5-Fluorouracil is a cytotoxic agent.  Fluorouracil cream, Imiquimod cream, Photodynamic therapy (PDT), Ingenol mebutate gel, Retinoids

【The best treatment for actinic keratosis (AKs) 】

   Solamargine is best treatment for actinic keratosis (AKs) 

The best treatment for actinic keratosis (Solar Keratoses / Actinic keratoses / AKs) 【Causes / Range / Symptoms / Types / Prevention / treatment】 

【Causes】

What is actinic keratosis (AKs)?

1. AKs result from long-term exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation.

2. Actinic keratoses are a reflection of abnormal skin cell development due to DNA damage by short wavelength UVB.

3. They are more likely to appear if the immune function is poor, due to ageing, recent sun exposure, predisposing disease or certain drugs.

4. Actinic keratosis (AKs) are also known as solar keratosis.

5. If treated early, almost all actinic keratoses can be cleared up or removed before they develop into skin cancer.

6. Actinic keratosis (AKs) are considered precancerous or an early form of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (a keratinocyte cancer).

7. Untreated lesions have up to a 20% risk of progression to squamous cell carcinoma, so treatment by a dermatologist is recommended.

【Range / Symptoms / Types】

What are the clinical features of actinic keratosis (AKs)?

1. Actinic keratosis (AKs) may be solitary but there are often multiple keratoses. The appearance varies.

2. It's most commonly found on your face, lips, ears, back of your hands, forearms, scalp or neck.

3. Actinic keratosis (AKs) enlarges slowly and usually causes no signs or symptoms other than a patch or small spot on your skin.

4. These patches take years to develop, usually first appearing in people over 40.

5. Actinic keratoses (AKs) most commonly present as a white, scaly plaque of variable thickness with surrounding redness.

6. Rough, dry or scaly patch of skin, usually less than 1 inch (2.5 centimeters) in diameter.

7. Flat to slightly raised patch or bump on the top layer of skin In some cases, a hard, wartlike surface Color as varied as pink, red or brown

8. Itching or burning in the affected area

9. The presence of ulceration, nodularity, or bleeding should raise concern for malignancy.

10. The lesions are usually asymptomatic, but can be tender, itch, bleed, or produce a stinging or burning sensation.

11. Tender, thickened, ulcerated or enlarging actinic keratoses should be treated aggressively.

【Prevention/treatment】

Prevention 

  1. Limiting extent of sun exposure

  1.1 Avoid sun exposure during noontime hours between 10:00 AM and 2:00 PM when UV light is most powerful.

  1.2 And avoid staying in the sun so long that you get a sunburn or a suntan.

  1.3 Minimize all time in the sun, since UV exposure occurs even in the winter and on cloudy days.

  2 Using sun protection

    Wearing sun protective clothing such as hats, sunglasses, long-sleeved shirts, long skirts, or trousers

Treatment

There are a variety of treatment options for AK depending on the patient and the clinical characteristics of the lesion.

Although overall cure rates are high, experts agree that the best treatment for AK is prevention.

1. Physical treatments 

Physical treatments are used to destroy individual keratoses that are generally symptomatic or have a thick hard surface scale.

1.1 Cryotherapy using liquid nitrogen

1.2 Shave, curettage and electrocautery

    a. Shave, curettage (scraping with a sharp instrument) and electrocautery (burning) may be necessary to remove a cutaneous horn or hypertrophic actinic keratosis (AKs).

    b. Healing of the wound takes several weeks or longer, depending on the body site.

1.3 Excision

    a. Excision ensures the actinic keratosis (AKs) has been completely removed, which should be confirmed by pathology.

    b. The surgical wound is sutured (stitched). The sutures are removed after a few days, the time depending on the size and location of the lesion.

    c. The procedure leaves a permanent scar.

2. Medication / Field treatments / Creams

  2.1 Topical medications are often recommended for areas where multiple or ill-defined AKs are present, as the medication can easily be used to treat a relatively large area.

  2.2 Creams are used to treat areas of sun damage and flat actinic keratoses, sometimes after physical treatments have been carried out.

  2.3 Field treatments are most effective on facial skin.

  2.4 Creams are pretreatment with keratolytics (such as urea cream, salicylic acid ointment or topical retinoid), and thorough skin cleansing improves response rates.

  2.5 The course of treatment may need repeating from time to time.

  2.6 With the exception of sr-t100 gel, field treatments all result in local inflammatory reactions such as redness, blistering and discomfort for a varying length of time.

Diclofenac sodium gel 

  1. Diclofenac is more often used as an anti-inflammatory drug.

  2. Topical diclofenac sodium gel is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.

  3. It is thought to work in the treatment of AK through its inhibition of the arachidonic acid pathway, thereby limiting the production of prostaglandins which are thought to be involved in the development of UVB-induced skin cancers.

  4.Applied as a gel twice daily for 3 months, it is fairly well tolerated in the treatment of actinic keratoses.

  5. It low complete response rates, along with unfavorable side-effect profiles.

  6. Common side effects include dryness, itching, redness, and rash at the site of application.

5-Fluorouracil is a cytotoxic agent. / Fluorouracil cream 

  1. The cream formulation is applied once or twice daily for 2 to 8 weeks.

  2. Duration of treatment is typically 2–4 weeks to thinner skin like the cheeks and up to 8 weeks for the arms.

  3. The most commonly used application regimen consists of applying a layer of topical cream to the lesion twice a day after washing.

  4. 5-fluorouracil cream is sometimes combined with salicylic acid. Its effect may be enhanced by calcipotriol ointment.

  5. Topical fluorouracil (5-FU) destroys AKs by blocking methylation of thymidylate synthetase, thereby interrupting DNA and RNA synthesis.

  6. This in turn prevents the proliferation of dysplastic cells in AK.

  7. Topical 5-FU is the most utilized treatment for AK, and often results in effective removal of the lesion.

  8. While topical 5-FU is a widely used and cost-effective treatment for AKs and is generally well tolerated, its potential side-effects can include: pain, crusting, redness, and local swelling.

Imiquimod cream 

  1. Imiquimod is a topical immune-enhancing agent licensed for the treatment of genital warts.

  2. Imiquimod stimulates the immune system through the release and up-regulation of cytokines.

  3. Imiquimod cream is an immune response modifier.

  4. It is applied 2 or 3 times weekly for 4 to 16 weeks.

  5. It low complete response rates, along with unfavorable side-effect profiles.

5-FU, 5% imiquimod cream, and 3% diclofenac gel are FDA-approved topical field therapies.

However, 5-FU ointment induces significant adverse-effects including pain, ulceration, and scar formation on the lesion sites and normal skin. 

These side effects made 5-FU ointment an unpopular choice for treatment. 

As for imiquimod cream and diclofenac gel, their low complete response rates, along with unfavorable side-effect profiles. 

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) 

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) involves applying a photosensitiser (a porphyrin chemical such as methyl aminolevulinic acid) to the affected area prior to exposing it to a source of visible light.

Ingenol mebutate gel 

  1. Ingenol mebutate is a newer treatment for AK used in Europe and the United States.

  2. First by disrupting cell membranes and mitochondria resulting cell death, and then by inducing antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity to eliminate remaining tumor cells.

  3. Local skin reactions including pain, itching and redness can be expected during treatment with ingenol mebutate.

  4. This treatment was derived from the petty spurge, Euphorbia peplus which has been used as a traditional remedy for keratosis.

Retinoids

Topical retinoids have been studied in the treatment of AK with modest results, and the American Academy of Dermatology does not currently recommend this as a first-line therapy.

The best treatment for actinic keratosis (Actinic keratoses / AKs) 【Causes / Range / Symptoms / Types / Prevention / treatment】

Solanum incanum extract (SR-T100) induces human cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma apoptosis through modulating tumor necrosis factor receptor signaling pathway

Abstract

  1. The Solanum species herbs have been used to treat cancer for centuries

  2. The efficacy and safety issues were addressed regarding topical treatment of SR-T100 on UVB-induced cutaneous SCC of hairless mice and actinic keratoses (AKs) of human.

Results

  1. From our data, SR-T100 gel has shown a favorable profile for treating AK as compared to the aforementioned conventional topical therapies.

  2. In terms of clinical response, SR-T100 showed an overall complete response rate of 70%.

  3. In terms of side-effects, SRT100 induced mild stinging and superficial erosions on the lesion sites and slight xerotic change on normal skin of both hairless mouse and human subjects after 10–16 weeks of topical use.

  4. Taken together, topical SR-T100 may be an ideal candidate for treatment of AK due to its remarkable therapeutic efficacy on lesions and insignificant adverse effect on normal skin.

Solamargine is best treatment for actinic keratosis (AKs)

Condusions 

Indication: actinic keratosis (AKs)

SR-T100 is full compliance to FDA standard regulations of Chemistry, Manufacturing & Controls. 80% complete response rate observed with phase II clinical trial study.

The mechanism & active component identified by High Performance Liquid Chromatography methods(±10%) served as our scienfific basis in this technology. 

Comparative study results showed SR-T100 has the least adverse effects among other similar products on the market (5-Fu, Imiquimod, Diclofenac & Ingenol Mebutate), complete elimination of actinic keratosis (AKs) cells can be achieved in cryotherapy combination treatments, effectively prevents recurrence & suitable for treatment applications of actinic keratosis (AKs) lesions in large skin surface areas.

Indication: common warts

Global patent registration in 2011 with preliminary data showing effective treatment against Verruca vulgaris (common warts), content ingredients found in marketed cosmetics product lines were proven effective in discharge of unsightly spots, skin bumps & blisters with very low adverse reactions.

This particular application has approved by FDA,

Indication: genital warts

Global patent registation in 2011 with concurrent trial study results (January 2011 to April 2013) showing a high complete response & has the least adverse side effects compared with its counterpart medications on the market. This application has approved by FDA.

From the data, SR-T100 gel has shown a favorable profile for treating AK as compared to the aforementioned conventional topical therapies.

In terms of clinical response, SR-T100 showed an overall complete response rate of 70%.

In terms of side-effects, SRT100 induced mild stinging and superficial erosions on the lesion sites and slight xerotic change on normal skin of both hairless mouse and human subjects after 10–16 weeks of topical use.

Taken together, topical SR-T100 may be an ideal candidate for treatment of AK due to its remarkable therapeutic efficacy on lesions and insignificant adverse effect on normal skin.

 Conclusions

  1. SR-T100 is effective for the treatment of human vulva condyloma, with few side effects.

  2. Compared with those with high-risk HPVs, cells with low-risk HPVs were more sensitive to SR-T100 treatment.

  3. Autophagy played a protective role in SR-T100-induced apoptosis in HPV-infected cells.

  4. Our pilot study showed that SR-T100 was effective for the treatment of human vulva condyloma and was associated with few side effects.

  5. Furthermore, we showed that cells expressing LR HPVs were more sensitive to SR-T100 treatment than those expressing HR HPVs. 

 Characters:  

 • Prevention of UV skin damages

 • Softening of skin keratinocytes

 • Restores skin elastic property 

 • Botanically derived natural plant extraction 

 • No adverse skin reaction 

 • Patent rights protection in 32nations  

 • HiPreservative & Pigment free 

 USE: Apply several times per day, preferably covers with dermal dressing on film for the best absorption

  USAGE : Patented ingredients for enhancing the repair of skin damage from environment and sunlight (as indicated in patents)

Instructions: 

1. The cut artificial skin is large enough to completely cover the affected area.

2. Take an appropriate amount of ointment and apply it to the lesion. 

3. Cover the cut artificial skin on the lesion. 

TURBO Instructions: 

1. In order to shorten the time course, the lesion can be treated with liquid nitrogen first, and then applied with ointment and then put a few artificial skins on the affected area.  

2. If the artificial skin does not fall off, replace the ointment every two days.  (Refill at any time depending on the situation)